Computer Hardware And Software Aspects Of Computing

July Software and computing system safety process 7 Figure 2.

Fault tree for engine shutdown failure 45 Figure 3. Example classification of software and computing system errors Example software and computing system Failure Modes and Effects Analysis worksheet Common fault tree logic and event symbols In fulfilling its responsibilities, AST issues licenses for expendable launch vehicle ELVRLV, and RV launch and reentry activities and experimental permits for reusable suborbital rocket operations. Software and computing systems are becoming increasingly important in assuring safe operations of launch and reentry vehicles. Software and its associated computing systems computer system hardware and firmware are used in on-board and ground systems to support safetycritical functions, such as guidance, navigation, and health monitoring.

Software is also used to Computer Hardware And Software Aspects Of Computing safety-critical data and to assist in mitigating system risks.

Therefore, analyses are required to identify, characterize, and evaluate the hazards and mitigate the risks associated with the use of software and computing systems on commercial space launch vehicles. The guide is not intended to cover all analysis methods to identify software and computing system hazards and risks or all aspects of the methods identified here. Reusable launch vehicles typically include ascent and descent phases of flight while RVs include only a descent phase.

Although RLVs and RVs could technically be different types of vehicles, the software and computing system safety approaches described here are the same for both types of vehicles. An apparent problem or failure that occurs during verification or operation and affects a system, a subsystem, a process, support equipment, or facilities.

Commercial off-the-shelf software. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis.

System analysis by which each potential failure in a system is analyzed to determine the effects on the system and to classify each potential failure according to its severity and likelihood. Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis that includes the relative mission significance or criticality of all potential failure modes. Fault Tree Analysis. Deductive system reliability analysis that provides qualitative and quantitative measures of the probability of failure of a system, subsystem, or event.

Flight Safety System. System designed to limit or restrict the hazards to public health and safety and the safety of property presented by a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle while in flight by initiating and accomplishing a controlled ending to vehicle flight. Functional Hazard Analysis. Systematic, comprehensive examination of vehicle and system functions to identify potentially hazardous conditions that may arise as a result of a malfunction or failure. Equipment, system, operation, or condition.

Parts of an electronic digital computer that retain instructions and data for some interval of time. Memory is the electronic holding place for instructions and data that the microprocessor of a computer can access quickly. Preliminary Hazard Analysis. System analysis conducted to classify each potential hazard in a system according to its severity and likelihood of occurrence and to develop mitigation measures to those hazards.

Preliminary Hazard List. Initial list of potential system hazards, compiled without regard to risk or possible mitigation measures. Measure that takes into consideration the probability of occurrence and the consequence of a hazard link a population or installation.

Risk mitigation. Process of reducing either the likelihood or the severity of a risk. Safety critical.]

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Computer Hardware And Software Aspects Of Computing.

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Malicious software or malware which is software that is developed to harm and disrupt computers. As such, malware is undesirable. Malware is closely associated with computer-related crimes, though some malicious programs may have been designed as practical jokes. Nature or domain of execution Desktop applications such as web browsers and Microsoft Office , as well as smartphone and tablet applications called " apps ". There is a push in some parts of the software industry to merge desktop applications with mobile apps, to some extent. Windows 8 , and later Ubuntu Touch , tried to allow the same style of application user interface to be used on desktops, laptops and mobiles. JavaScript scripts are pieces of software traditionally embedded in web pages that are run directly inside the web browser when a web page is loaded without the need for a web browser plugin. Software written in other programming languages can also be run within the web browser if the software is either translated into JavaScript, or if a web browser plugin that supports that language is installed; the most common example of the latter is ActionScript scripts, which are supported by the Adobe Flash plugin.