Comparative Evaluation On Surface Quality Of Gfrp

Cong, Z. Pei, C. Treadwell How to cite this manuscript If you make reference to this version of the manuscript, use the following information: Cong, W. Ultrasonics, 54 6 E-mail address: weilong ksu. Introduction Due to the increase of fuel price and click competition, commercial aircraft needs to be lighter and manufactured more efficiently.

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A recent trend in the aircraft industry is to increase the use of composite materials [Ramulu et al. Bolting and riveting are currently the preferred methods for fastening Comparative Evaluation On Surface Quality Of Gfrp and Ti together in the aircraft assembly [Bennett,Ramulu et al. Using these methods, CFRP and Ti were usually drilled with different tools of different geometries and materials and different speeds and feedrates [Colligan, ].

For example, a three-step method was used in the Boeing Company: 1 Drilling CFRP with a diamond coated twist drill; 2 Drilling Ti with a 5 carbide drill; 3 Reaming the hole with a carbide reamer [Colligan, link. Diamond coated twist drills performed well in CFRP drilling, but they would not last long in Ti drilling, since a lot of heat generated in Ti drilling would degrade the diamond coating on the twist drills. Shortcomings of these methods include high cutting force [Ramulu et al. Figure 1 illustrates the RUM process.

The cutting tool is a core drill with metal-bonded diamond abrasives. During drilling, the rotating tool vibrates axially at an ultrasonic frequency and moves along its axial direction towards the workpiece.

Pumped coolant through the core of the drill washes away the swarf and prevents the tool from jamming and overheating. RUM has been successfully used in drilling of Ti [Churi et al.

There are four sections in this paper. Section 3 presents and discusses experimental results. Finally, Section 4 draws conclusions. Experiments 2. The CFRP was composed of carbon fibers and epoxy resin. The carbon fiber yarn in the woven fabric had a thickness of 0.

The CFRP contained 21 layers of fabric 42 layers of carbon fibers. The Ti was titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. The experimental set-up is schematically illustrated in Figure 3. It mainly Comparative Evaluation On Surface Quality Of Gfrp of an ultrasonic spindle system, a data acquisition system, and a coolant system. The ultrasonic spindle system was comprised of an ultrasonic spindle, a power supply, and a control panel. The power supply converted conventional 60 Hz electrical supply to high-frequency 20 kHz electrical energy.

This high-frequency electrical energy was converted into mechanical vibration by a piezoelectric converter. The vibration, after being amplified, was transmitted to the cutting tool, causing it to vibrate axially at the frequency of 20 kHz. The amplitude of ultrasonic vibration could be adjusted by changing the setting of output control of the power supply. The motor atop the ultrasonic spindle supplied the rotational motion of the tool and different speeds could be obtained by adjusting the motor speed controller.

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More https://modernalternativemama.com/wp-content/custom/argumentative-essay/the-outsiders-book-essay.php about this system will be described in Section 2. The coolant system was comprised of pump, coolant tank, pressure regulator, flow rate and pressure gauges, and valves. It provided coolant to the spindle and the interface of machining. The outer and inner diameters OD and ID of the cutting tools were 9. The metal bond was of B type. In order to achieve good hole quality and maintain reasonable tool life, the optimal feedrate in RUM was below 0.]

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Nowadays it becomes possible to capture video sequences in any environment and without any heavy and complex adjustments as was the case with the old video acquisition sensors. However, the ease in accessing visual information through the increasingly easy-to-handle sensors has led to a situation where the number of videos distributed over the Internet is constantly increasing and it becomes difficult to effectively correct all the distortions and artifacts that may result from the signal acquisition. As an example, more than hours of videos are uploaded each day on Youtube. One of the most perceptually annoying degradation is related to the image instability due to camera movement during the acquisition. This source of degradation manifests as uncontrolled oscillationsof the whole frames and may be accompanied with a blurring effect. This affectsthe perceptual image quality and produces visual discomfort. There exist some hardware solutions such as tripods, dollies, electronic image stabilizers or gyroscope based technologies that prevent video from blurriness and oscillations. However, their use is still limited to professional applications and as a result, most amateur videos contain unintended camera movements. In this context, the use of software tools, often referred to as Digital Video Stabilization DVS , seems to be the most promising solution. Digital video stabilization aims at creating a new video showing the same scene but removing all the unintentional components of camera motion. Comparative Evaluation On Surface Quality Of Gfrp