The Four Rightly Guided Caliphs

The four rightly guided caliphs

The First Four Caliphs

Expansion during the Rashidun Caliphate, — Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, — Abu Bakr's rule[ edit ] Troubles emerged soon after Muhammad's death, threatening the unity and stability of the new community and state. In some cases, entire tribes apostatised.

Others merely withheld zakatthe alms tax, without formally challenging Islam. Many tribal leaders made claims to prophethood; some made it during the lifetime of Muhammad. The apostasy of al-Yamama was led by another supposed prophet, Musaylimah[28] who arose before Muhammad's death; other centers of the rebels were in the NajdEastern Arabia known then as al-Bahrayn and South Arabia known as al-Yaman and including the Mahra.

This corps was used to fight the most powerful of the rebel forces. Other corps were given areas of secondary importance in which to bring the less dangerous apostate tribes to submission. Abu Bakr's plan was first to clear Najd and Western Arabia near Medina, then tackle The four rightly guided caliphs ibn Nuwayrah and his forces between the Najd and al-Bahrayn, and finally concentrate against the most dangerous enemy, Musaylimah and his allies in al-Yamama. The year 12 Hijri dawned on 18 March with the Arabian peninsula united under the caliph in Medina. Whether or not he intended a full-out imperial conquest is hard to say; he did, however, set in motion a historical trajectory that in just a few short decades would lead to one of the largest continue reading in history.

Abu Bakr began with Iraqthe richest province of the Sasanian Empire.]

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They are sometimes called the "Rightly Guided" Caliphs because each of them learned about Islam directly from Muhammad. They also served as Muhammad's closest friends and advisors during the early years of Islam. It was followed by the Umayyad Caliphate. The city of Medina served as the first capital of the Caliphate. The capital was later moved to Kufa. Islamic Empire under Abr Bakr 1. Abu Bakr was the father-in-law of Muhammad and was an early convert to Islam. He was known as "The Truthful. Umar ibn al-Khattab The second caliph was Umar ibn al-Khattab. the four rightly guided caliphs.