French Revolution Essay Introduction

French revolution essay introduction

Rapid population growth and the inability to adequately finance government debt resulted in economic depression, unemployment and high food prices. This took different forms, such as the English ' coffeehouse culture ', and extended to areas colonised by Europeans, particularly British North America. French revolution essay introduction between diverse groups in EdinburghGenevaBostonAmsterdamParisLondon or Vienna were much greater than often appreciated.

Improvements in education and literacy over the course of the 18th century meant larger audiences for newspapers and journals, with Masonic lodgescoffee houses and reading clubs providing areas where people could debate and discuss ideas.

The emergence of this so-called " public sphere " french revolution essay introduction to Paris replacing Versailles as the cultural and intellectual centre, leaving the Court isolated and less able to influence opinion. Traditional views of the French Revolution often attribute the financial crisis to the costs of the — Anglo-French Warbut modern economic source show this is only a partial explanation.

Inthe ratio of debt to gross national income in France was The chief problem was that taxes were predominantly french revolution essay introduction by the urban and rural poor, while attempts to share the burden more equally were blocked by the regional parlements which controlled financial policy. For their opponents, Enlightenment ideas on equality and democracy provided an intellectual framework for dealing with these issues, while the American https://modernalternativemama.com/wp-content/custom/personal-statement/program-offered-by-the-george-t-baker-aviation-school.php was seen as confirmation of their practical application. Unlike Britain, where Parliament determined both expenditures and taxes, in France, the Crown controlled spending, but not revenue.

This significantly reduced the yield from those that were approved and as a result, France struggled to service its debt despite being larger and wealthier than Britain.

Despite this success, he was dismissed in May after arguing France could not afford intervention in North America. By the government was struggling to cover these payments and since default would ruin much of French society, this meant increasing taxes.

When the parlements refused to comply, Calonne persuaded Louis to summon the Assembly french revolution essay introduction Notablesan advisory council dominated by the upper nobility. The council refused, arguing this could only be approved by the Estates, and in May Calonne was replaced by the man responsible, de Briennea former archbishop of Toulouse.

The latter derived rank from judicial or administrative posts and tended french revolution essay introduction be hard-working professionals, who dominated the regional parlements and were often intensely socially conservative. As was customary, each Estate assembled in separate rooms, whose furnishings and opening ceremonies deliberately emphasised the superiority of the First and Second Estates. They also insisted on enforcing the rule that only those who owned land could sit as deputies for the Second Estate, and thus excluded the immensely popular Comte de Mirabeau.

His method was to require all deputies be approved by the Estates-General as a whole, instead of each Estate verifying its own members. Since this meant the legitimacy of deputies derived from the Estates-General, they would have to continue sitting as one body. The remaining deputies from the other two Estates were invited to join, but the Assembly made it clear they intended to legislate with or without their support.

On 20 June, the Assembly met in a tennis court outside Versailles and swore not to disperse until a new constitution had been agreed.

Messages of support poured in from Paris and other cities; by 27 June, they had been joined by the majority of the First Estate, plus forty-seven https://modernalternativemama.com/wp-content/custom/essay-samples/the-importance-of-writings-in-writing.php of the Second, and Louis backed down. The governor de Launay surrendered after several hours of fighting that cost the lives of 83 attackers. Although rumoured to hold many prisoners, the Bastille held only seven: four forgers, two noblemen held for "immoral behaviour", and a murder suspect.

On 17 July, he visited Paris accompanied by deputies, where he was greeted by Bailly and accepted a tricolore cockade.]

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