Chorionitis

Chorionitis

Metrics details Abstract Many maternal immune cells populate the decidua, which is the mucosal lining of the uterus transformed during pregnancy. Essays on current topics, abundant natural killer NK cells and macrophages help the uterine vasculature adapt to fetal demands for gas and nutrients, thereby supporting fetal growth.

Fetal trophoblast cells budding off the forming placenta and invading deep into maternal tissues source into contact with these and other immune cells. Besides their homeostatic functions, decidual Chorionitis cells can respond to pathogens during infection, but in doing so, they may become conflicted chorionitis destroying the invader and sustaining fetoplacental growth.

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We review how maternal NK cells balance chorionitis double duty both in the local microenvironment of the uterus and systemically, during toxoplasmosis, influenza, cytomegalovirus, malaria and other infections that threat pregnancy. Download PDF Introduction The vulnerability of pregnant women to infectious disease has been explained historically by assuming that the immune system weakens during pregnancy so that it can tolerate chorionitis fetus.

Indeed, the maternal immune system does not reject the fetus or its placenta despite being aware of fetal antigens and responding to chorionitis, as illustrated by antibodies to paternal Rhesus or HLA antigens, 1 or by male antigen-specific T cells chorionitis in the mothers of sons. HIV, Malaria, and Influenza also cause severe adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Complications of pregnancy due to infectious disease can be due to systemic or local factors, or to vertical transmission Fig. Immune responses to the pathogen may actually cause pregnancy complications. Complications may also occur without the pathogen crossing the placenta, as demonstrated by placental malaria when infected erythrocytes become sequestered source the placenta, triggering a syndrome essays on current topics to pre-eclampsia, the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Chorionitis and other immune cells may affect reproduction during implantation, gestation or parturition.

Introduction

We limit our discussion mainly to gestation, as NK cells are not key players during other stages of pregnancy Fig. Several aspects of the pathogenesis of a given infection can influence pregnancy outcomes: i tissue immunity to pathogen invasion at the fetal-maternal interface, ii in utero vertical transmission, and chorionitis systemic immune response to infection. Both systemic and local tissue immune responses can be triggered by chorionitis invasion and may lead to pathogen elimination, and thus protect both mother and fetus. Full size image Fig. During infection, the maternal immune system has to balance between sustaining the growth of the fetus and protecting both mother and fetus from chorionitis.

Viruses have evolved numerous mechanisms to escape NK immunity by targeting their ligand-receptor pairs, signaling pathways, chemokines, and cytokines affecting NK-cell activation and recruitment.]

That necessary: Chorionitis

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